2.
   2024
/   
  
(  :    )
 : 3     :100
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.           
2.         '  
 -
3.           -   ?
4.    '               '
 
 -
5.                  ' 

2.
6.           '  
-
7.  -             
 
8.            
   2024
/   
  
(  :    )
 : 3     :100
:     -    ,          
                
 -
1.           
:󷇮󷇭    
    -  ()  ,     
 
               
      '          
2.
  :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            
 
      :
 (, , )
 (, , )
 ( , )
 (, , )
 :
     '     
   '     
           
 ,             
󼪍󼪎󼪏󼪐󼪑󼪒󼪓    
 ?
   ,       
        
 ',      
          
 () 
  :
     
       
    
 
       
            ( 
, 
   )          
 
󹴈󼪩󼪪󼪫󼪬󼪱󼪲󼪭󼪮󼪯󼪰     
     ,         -
       
     
    
2.
󷄧󷄫 - ( -)
      ()       
   , ,        
 :
      
     '    
        
    -    ,      

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,     '    
󷄧󷄬  
               
   :
     
   
 
   
     :
 
 
 
  
 
 :
  '    
     
     
 ,            
2.
󷄧󷄭    
     
        
          :
 
   
 
 
      :
 
 
 
 
 ,      :
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 +  -   
󷄧󷄮      
  ,    '        
         , ,        
:
    
    
    
     
            , 
   ' -  ,     
󷄰󷄯     (  )
2.
   ,     
         
         
  :
 - '   
    
   
      
           
 -
      
         
 
󷄧󷄱  

       ,      '   
   -    -   
    :

 


 
               
,            
󷄧󷄲     
     
 ,        

   :
 
  
  
  
2.
 :
  
  
  
  
  
 ,            
󷄧󷄳   
            
 ,
   ,     
 :
   
     
   
    :
 
 
 
 

 ,    
 -        
󷇳        
     ,       :
  
   
    
   
     
  
     
    
   
 
     
       
2.
  
     
    
󽇐  -  
    :
        ( )
-       
,      
 ( )
    :
    
  
 
   
        - 
󷘹󷘴󷘵󷘶󷘷󷘸      
 ,        :
1.  ()
2. 
3.  
4.   
5.    
         
 
󼩺󼩻
               
         ,   ,   
   '        ,   , 
        
  ,      
      
       ,      ,  , 
         
2.
2.         '  
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌    ?
   ,            -
 
,  ,          
                
  
  :
o               
o   
;  ,  ,    
   
o   ,        
o ,       -   
   
 ,         ,   
   
󷙣󷙤󷙥    
        ,      
          ,      

      (1918):
o ,  ,         
o  -,  ,       
  
o           
 
  :
o 1920  ,        
 
o           ,   
      

󷊨󷊩               |
1.           :
o      ,        
    
2.
o :  ,     ,   


2.    ' :
o       
,   - 
 
o   ,         
      
3.      :
o              

o ,     -     
4.   :
o           , 
     
o            
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼     
   -,        ,  
 
    :        
  -      
     :1930        
 ( ,    ,   ,    )
     
    :       
       ,   
 ,       ,       
   
󷊨󷊩      

 
  
  
, 
,     
  
,  
  

  , , 
 , 

 ,  
 ,    
          ""   

  ,    ""  
󽆪󽆫󽆬  
2.
      ,        :
          
 
 ,        
  
 
 ,        
-    
,        
  -
              
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼
          , 
     
         , ,
    '        
     
          ,     
 :   ,  ,       
        ,   ,  
        ,    
   
 -
3.           -   ?
:        
                 - 
  ,             ,
     ,        
         
      
,               
     ,         
      
    ? (    )
2.
  ,                
       
 
            
  -  , ,
, , , ,      
  ,  ,          
     
 ,        
  ,    

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :
      
    
      
  
 ,     
  
 ,        -     
  
   
 
      
  ,       

   :
    
    
    
     
 ,   :
      
     
    
    
    

    ,           
2.
    
     
            
       
   '       :
1.  ( ) 
2.  (- ) 
      
1. 
            
   :

  

  (, , )
 , ,      
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
            
       
 
          
            
2.  
           
   :
 (, , )
2.
  

 

          '     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
        
      
       
,     
 -         
3.  
         
   :
  
  
  
  
       :




󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:               
,         
 ,      
          
4.  
            
2.
   :
 
  
   
 
  
           :
  
     
   
  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
       
       
        
 
          
5.   
         
   :

 
 
  
 
 
     
 :
 
  
 
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔: , , ,         ' 
      
,             

 -          
6.      
  ,        
   :
 

 
  
 
 
  '     '  
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
      
     
       
      
 
7.   
         
 
              
  :
       
   
     
    
2.
  
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
       
            
 ,        
8.     
       ,   
   :
 
 
 
   
   
           
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,        
 
              
9. 
        
   :
 

  
 
 
           
2.
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
      
   
       
 
     
 
        
10.     
           
   :


 


  
         
 
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:
        
 ,        
  (-, )   
 
      

,   


               
 
 

    ' 
     '   -  , ,
, , , , , ,    
,       , ,    
   
       :
2.
       
     
    
 
  
 
      
     
 ,            
       
4.    '               '
 
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌       
1. -     
              
 
,      ,     
    
                 
    
2.   
    , 
    
  (,  ,   )    ,     ,
   -        
  ,          
3.    
    
         
 
 ,           

   '  '     ,    
    
4.        
2.
,  ,  -       

             
     
     
 -     
5.       
,             
 
         ,      
  
     
 ,    -  
     
6.      
      ,      ' 
     
           
  
    -    , 
 
       
7.      
            
 
              
  (,  , )       
 
󷊨󷊩- :         
 ,  2022    ,          
,        2026 ,     
    :
 :  '         '
                 
 
  :      ,       
 '      -      
$100    
2.
  :             '   
, 
         
   :        '   ,  
         
   :  ,       
     ,  
       
   
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  
1.   :
o      -       
o              -
   
2.      :
o     ,      
  
o            
3.     :
o      ,        
   
o                 
 
󽆪󽆫󽆬
      - - ,  , 
, ,   -
 -   -      '
               , 
 ,        
 -
5.                  ' 

:                
 
     ,  
  '  ,  
         ,      
2.
    -  ,   ,    ,    
         
 
  ,  ,             
,          
   -  
, ,    ,       -  
      ,        
        ,       
   
;  ,      
1.    : "   ?"
             
     ,          
  (18
-20
 )   ,   ,      
,        
    :
     '          
 
      
   
                
         

     ,       
          
   :
"    " (CBDR)
  :
        '   
        
      
       
2.       :   
         :
           ?
2.
      , ,       
            , ,  
   '   
,     
   :
  
    
 
  
    ,   '       
      :
           
 '       
       
              ' 

  ,        
   
     
3.         
   '         
 '               
 
   :
        
          
             

   ,           
        
 :              ,  
             
 
2.
4.    
          ,    ,
 ,       
          :
()    
   ,        -  
      

()     
  ,  ,   -   
             
  
 ,      :
      
   '     
             
5.        
  ',   -    '    
  
  -          
   :
       
  
     
        
        
               , 
              
 
 -     
2.
         :      
         
6.       
    ,      
     
 :
                ?
               ?
              ?
        -        
         
7.     ' 
              
 - , ,    -      
               
             :
    
     ' 
 ,          - 
      
 ,     '          
      
8.     
    ,      
   , 
       
    :
2.
               
        
   ,   :
 
 
 
   ,         
 -             

    ,        
  
 -  , ,         
              
    
    ,   , 
      '          
      
   ,              , 
 
              ,
             -  
           
6.           '  
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌        
   
          
;  
 
 - :     ,        
   
   :          
  
 
     :,            
     
2.
 ,          ,  ,  
    
󷙣󷙤󷙥           
1.   
  ,    ,    
       
   (2015)       
   ,        
  '       G20   
  ,     
 
2.    
  ,           
   
           
  '  ()       
  ,    
3.      
        ,      
   (, , )   -    
 ,        '      
       
4.   
        ,       
          - 
 
  ,      
   ' 
   
5.     
               
           
 ,              
     
2.
󷊨󷊩    
1.         
o            
 
o         ,     

2. - 
o      '      ,  
       
o         
3.      
o           
o           ,   
     '     
4.         
o         ,    
    
o      
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼         
 :        
        
   :-  '     
  ,     
  : ,  ,  - 
        
 :  (    )   
            
󽆪󽆫󽆬
        ,     
             ,   
,           
 -  ,
    
              
   ,         ,   
    
         , ,
       
2.
-
7.  -             
 
:󷇮󷇭      -  :    
1. :    
  
    ,            
         ,       
 
1947 ,       ( 181)      
         -       -    
   
         
        
      ,          
         
     1948  -       
  ,       
󹼯󹼰󹼱󹼳󹼲2.       
                
       :
UNTSO (      ) 1948
UNIFIL (       ) 1978
            
 
        '     
 
        
2.
      
  
      
  -    
     '   
            
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :           
󼫹󼫺3.     :      
           ,     
  
     :
 181 (1947) –  
 242 (1967) -         
 338 (1973) -   
 2334 (2016) –   -  
   
    :
o     
  
o  -   
       
 :   
    '       
:
          
             
         
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :          -    
    
󷪲󷪳󷪴󷪵󷪶󷪷󷪸󷪹󷪺4.      :      
2.
             
   :
UNRWA (        )1949    
 
, UNRWA   :
 
 
 

 
,  , ,           '
  
 
     
   - 
      

 UNRWA '      
 
      
              

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :       -    
 
󹼯󹼰󹼱󹼳󹼲5.      
         ,    :
 ( , ,  , )
 
  
,     :
2.
   (1978)
  (1993)
  '         -    
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :        ,  

   :
   
  ' 
      
󽀼󽀽󽁀󽁁󽀾󽁂󽀿󽁃6.        
             
    :
  
  

 

   
          
 
    
 '    '   
     

     '      
 
            

     
󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 :       -   
   
2.
󽀰󽀱󽀲󽀳󽀷󽀸󽀴󽀹󽀵󽀶7.              
      ,    '  
 :
()   
             
     
     
()    
         '  
 
()   
                
       
      
   
()    
   , , ,      -   
 
󷇳8.   :       
  
      
     
  '    
   
  '    
  
  
 
  
 
    

2.
-     

      
󼩏󼩐󼩑9.    
-               
 ,               ,
     ,    ,    
        ,    
      
 ,         :      
       ,       
,          ,      
    -            
   
 
8.            
:󷋇󷋈󷋉󷋊󷋋󷋌   
  -   '      , ,  
        
1.   ( /   )
o        
o    '        ,     
   
o    1985     
2.  
o       
o              

3.   
o      
o    ,     ,    
  
4.  
2.
o ,  , , ,       '
  
o            
5.   
o 1987   ,   
o  -   ,    -   

o     ,     ,   
  
 
6.     
o     ,   ,     
   
o        '   
:     - , ,  , , , ,
  
󷊨󷊩    
      ,       -
 
1.  
 SAFTA (    )   
  
   
    -    
,       
2.    
  , ,     '   
   ,    ,     

3.    - 
 ,  -     
 
  
          
4.    
  ,          
2.
    ,          
5.    
        '     ,    
    
    ,       -
      
6.    
 ,         
  
         
󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼   
 
         
      
   -  
           

   :-       


  :        '    
 :         

   :     ,     
       
󽆪󽆫󽆬
   -         -     
      ,  ,  -,
       
 ,      ,        , 
        ,      
             
2.
"                 
 
          ,         
 "